Protective effects and its relative mechanisms of low dose ionizing radiation on pancreatic cells of male diabetic rat's

Diabetes mellitus [DM] is a chronic metabolic disorder brings great danger to human health. Low-dose-rate radiation modulates various biological responses including carcinogenesis, immunological responses and diabetes. This study examined the effect of low doses of irradiation on the pathological and ultrastructural progression of type I diabetes in rats inducted by Streptozotocin. The present study was done on 80 healthy adult albino male rats 9 weeks age, in the weight range from [150-200 gm]. Rats were grouped to 4 groups they were cared according to the Guiding Principle in the Care and Use of Animals. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared Streptozotocin [STZ- 45 mg/kg b.w.]. Whole body gamma irradiation was performed using Caesium -137. Animals were exposed to fractionated dose levels of 0.5 Gy/week of gamma-radiation for 3 and 6 weeks. The body weight, blood glucose and insulin levels were measured after 3 and 6 weeks. Small blocks of pancreatic tissues of different groups were removed and prepared for pathological and ultrastructure examination. An elevated level of glucose and decreased level of insulin in blood were first detected at 3 and 6 weeks of age in the STZ treated rats. There was significant and remarkable tendency of gaining normal levels of both blood glucose and blood insulin by irradiation exposure especially after 6 weeks of irradiation. Both suppression of cell death and cellular injury induced by STZ were also observed by EM examination in 3 week and 6 weeks. The present results indicated that treatment with 0.5 Gy gamma rays suppresses progression of type I diabetes in STZ rats

Therapeutic potential of green tea extract and low doses of gamma-irradiation on diabetic nephropathy of rats

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most frequent and serious complications of diabetes mellitus. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of green tea [GT] extract and low doses of 0.5 G gamma-radiation [R] on diabetic nephropathy [DN] of rats. Male Swiss albino rats were used in this study. DN was induced in rats using streptozotocin [45 mg/kg.body weight]. The rats were divided into five groups DN, DN+R, DN+GT, DN+GT+R and a sham treatment control group. Throughout the experimental period [3and 6 weeks] animals body weight, glucose and insulin levels were evaluated. Kidney functions assay [serum urea and creatinin] were recorded. Histopathological observations in kidney tissue, DNA and glycogen intensity were also detected. Diabetic rats exhibited many symptoms including loss of body weight, increase in blood glucose level and decrease in serum insulin levels. Increase in serum urea and creatinin levels. Diabetic kidney showed a moderate renal damage, multifocal clarifications and vacuolations. Carbohydrates intensity showed a significant increase and DNA intensity showed many alterations. Improvements in glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions were demonstrated in the diabetic rat group exposed to low doses of gamma-radiation or supplemented by green tea either alone or combined in addition to amelioration in glucose, insulin urea and creatinin levels. The present study demonstrates the efficacy of low doses of gamma- radiation and in reducing diabetes-induced functional and histological alterations in the kidneys. The longterm control of blood glucose levels using low doses of gamma-radiation or green tea either alone or combined could prevent the progression of diabetes mellitus, and therefore, nephropathy could be prevented

effect of monosodium glutamate [MSG] on rat liver and the ameliorating effect of "guanidino ethane sulfonic acid [GES]" [Histological, Histochemical and Electron Microscopy Studies]

Food additives are chemical substances added intentionally to food stuffs to preserve, color, sweeten and flavor food. Monosodium glutamate [MSG] is used as a flavor enhancer and found in most soups, salad dressing and processed meat. The use of MSG in food is growing. Irrational fear had increased in the last few years due to the adverse reactions and toxicity of MSG. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of MSG on the rat liver and the ameliorating effect of taurine analog "Guanidinoethane sulfonic acid [GES]". Sixty albino rats [2-3 months old] were used in the present study. MSG was given orally at a daily dose of 60 mg/1000 g for one month, two months and was given at a daily dose of 100mg/1000gm for one month. The results revealed that the deleterious effects of MSG were dose related and cumulative. In MSG treated rats, the examined sections showed remarkable alterations varied considerably from moderate structural changes to cytoplasmic lysis and signs of degeneration of cellular organelles. The histological changes showed disturbed liver architecture, hemorrhage in the central veins, areas of necrosis, vacuolation and increased inflammatory cells infiltration. The glycogen granules increased as well as the collagen fibers in the liver cells. Ultrastructural changes showed loss of cytoplasmic differentiation, vacuolation, pyknotic nuclei with irregular nuclear membranes and elongated electron dense mitochondria. Conversely, treatment of rats with taurine analog [GES] significantly attenuated the cellular toxicity of MSG

Biological studies on the possible protective role of zinc and butyrate against mice liver injury induced by schistosoma mansoni

N-acetyl-transferase [N-acetylase], glucose-6-phosphatase [G-6-pase] showed significant decrease in mice liver homogenate, 16 weeks post infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Meanwhile, the effect of schistosomal infection on the previously mentioned enzymes was less in the presence of zinc acetate and sodium butyrate treatment [in combination]. Significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase [alk- pase] was clearly observed in schistosomal mice liver homogenate. The treatment with the previous agents could lead to more marked elevation in this enzyme activity. Significant increase in DNA level was observed among schistosomal as well as the treated ones. Meanwhile total protein and RNA had another pattern, since the treatment caused significant increase in RNA level and nonsignificant decrease in protein of the liver homogenate. In this work, both histopathological and electron microscopical observations revealed the usefulness of zinc acetate and sodium butyrate in combination as good protectors against mice liver injury induced by Schistosoma mansoni